KAFKA'S KAIJU
Theories on Godzilla's Physical Metamorphosis
by
Michael Keller

Originally Published in G-FAN Issue # 16 July/August 1995


As any self respecting Godzimaniac can quickly point out, the various suits used to depict Godzilla in his lengthy career have never been exactly the same, resulting in sometimes drastic changes in his physical appearance throughout the series (for a run down on the different Godzilla suits see Robert Biondi's "Evolution of Godzilla"). The reasons for this are simple enough: the special effects department at Toho trying out variations on an idea, seeing what works and what doesn't. Many times the way the kaiju turns out is determined by a need to achieve something in the film's plot or cater to the picture's tone. For example, Son of Godzilla featured a suit that was purposely made to resemble an adult Minya and Godzilla vs Megalon gave us a kaiju made to look cute for its kiddie audience.

Not to suggest there aren't guidelines that have been followed in all Godzilla's incarnations. He always has the basic shape of a carnosaur dinosaur, his tail is always segmented, he always has a thumb and three fingers on each hand. He always has at least one row of dorsal plates, his eyebrow/nose structure always follows the same basic pattern, the voice changes only slightly, the skin pattern stays the same, and his color remains a shade of gray with occasional tinges of blue, brown, olive drab and, yes, green. Things which have been known to change include visible ears, fangs, the number of toes, eye color, the number of rows of dorsal plates, the number of rows of teeth, and muscular structure and build. All these and other attributes come and go at the whim of the production staff.

But putting aside this knowledge and putting on our "willing suspension of disbelief" caps, we now can come up with a theory in the context of the films as to why Godzilla keeps changing. The most plausible theory can be inferred from Godzilla vs. BioIlante where we learn that Godzilla's cells are constantly regenerating. This explains why he is invulnerable to military attack. Besides having an extremely thick hide, the power of his juiced up immune and healing systems makes any damage he does sustain short lived and quickly repaired.  The concept of regeneration also plays an important role in the excellent sci-fi show Doctor Who.  Regeneration is a characteristic of that show's title character and his race, the Time Lords. This ability, which is used to prevent premature death, causes Time Lords to change shape into what anyone unfamiliar with the process would deem a completely different person. Time Lords can regenerate up to twelve times before death.

Perhaps Godzilla's cell regeneration works in the same way, causing his shape to change physically as well. However, unlike the Doctor, who changes periodically, Godzilla is always changing. He is in a state of constant regeneration, possibly immortal. His brief "death" in Godzilla vs Mechagodzilla can be accounted for by the possibility that the neurons in Godzilla's body regenerate more slowly than his other tissues because of their complexity. Perhaps Godzilla could have recovered by himself given enough time.  In fact, the radiation inherent in Rodan's body was enough to fuel a much faster recovery.  For a brief period after a Time Lord changes, he experiences bouts of both physical and mental instability. If we carry this idea over to the kaiju mythos, it may explain one of Toho's greatest areas of inconsistency, Godzilla's vulnerability to electricity.  In both King Kong vs. Godzilla and Godzilla vs The Thing, electrical voltage is shown to be something that can effectively subdue the monster. However, in Godzilla King of the Monsters and Godzilla vs. the Sea Monster, it seems to have no effect at all. In deed, in Godzilla vs The Cosmic Monster, lightning seems to "heal" him. If we look at a Time Lord's period of instability following regeneration, we could conclude that Godzilla has a similar period of vulnerability,.  Perhaps in both Kong and Thing, he was attacked with electricity soon enough after changing shape that it could be effective. But why would electricity be the only thing that could hinder him during his instability period? Maybe because it is a method which directly attacks his nervous system. Other forms of military bombardment would still be unable to cause him harm because of his continued cell regeneration. As stated before, the nerve cells probably take longer to heal than the rest of his body. Until his new matrix settles in, his nervous system may be as vulnerable as any other animal's.

This idea of instability periods may seem contradictory to the previous mention of Godzilla being in a constant state of regeneration. If he's always changing, then isn't he always susceptible? Not really. There seem to be two phases of Godzilla's cell regeneration; one in which he remains the same shape but his cells continue to multiply at an astounding rate, and one in which his body actually transforms.  It is after the transformation phase that Godzilla's neurons are vulnerable to electrical attack. What, triggers the transformation phase? As stated before, Time Lords regenerate to avoid premature death when their bodies are put under too much strain. It is probable that Godzilla regenerates after sustaining too much damage, either from military attack, battle with another monster, or as in Gigantis the Fire Monster, being buried under tons of ice. In Godzilla vs Mothra, Godzilla appeared to be exactly the same coming out of the earth's magma as he did before he and Battra entered it. This may be because any regeneration that occurred was either minimal or a fluke resulting in a similar appearance. Maybe it wasn't sever enough to cause Godzilla to change. Before falling into the magma the only damage he suffered was insufficient in battle with Battra. Perhaps it would have required a more prolonged attack against his body combined with the heat of the lava, as happened at the end of Godzilla 1985 and resulted in the form seen at the beginning of Biollante.

As stated before, the destruction of Godzilla's neural tissue in Mechagodzilla would take longer to heal than other parts of his physiognomy, and as such may have delayed the regeneration process. So why didn't he change shape when Rodan's radioactivity "revived" him? The answer may be the same as the fluke hypothesis mentioned above for Mothra, or perhaps the boost of energy originating from another creature would simply revive the shape Godzilla already held, not change it.  There was, of course, an obvious difference in the color of Godzilla's ray. Maybe that is the only form of metamorphosis this type of parasitic (I use the term in reference to one creature drawing strength from another, be it dead or alive) regeneration can inspire. It is interesting here to note that Rodan also regenerated, changing only in color, after absorbing the energy of Godzilla's atomic breath.

The question now becomes: how did Godzilla achieve this transformation ability? Obviously, it has something to do with radioactive mutation. But why should it affect him in this way? Perhaps the radioactivity mutated a natural ability inherent in the Godzillasaurus. More than one species of animal have limited powers of regeneration. For instance, some lizards can grow back new tails after losing an old one to an attack by a predator, allowing them to flee. The Godzillasaurus may have had similar physical properties. It's hard to imagine what would dare chase one, but it may have been a property that came in useful for the young of the species. Even if this power was only in the adult Godzillasaurus, its pattern would remain in the DNA. The radioactivity could have affected Godzilla's genes in such a way that the ability was re-triggered and mutated into the trait described thus far.

The power to regenerate could also well explain the monster that destroyed Tokyo in 1954 being the same one that appears in 1984 (following timeline #2).  Many of Godzilla's genetic material remained after the attack of the Oxygen Destroyer, then slowly but surely it could have grown into a new kaiju, maybe not the same, but at least a clone of the original. This sort of rebirth would require a catalyst to act upon the remaining cells, radioactive waste perhaps. Naturally, by the time the cells have finally formed a new monster, it has regenerated into a new shape.

The need for a catalyst explains why there aren't hundreds of Godzillas running around every time a piece of his flesh is blown off; these cells found nothing to trigger the regeneration process. However, any of these pieces of Godzilla has the potential of forming a new monster if exposed to radiation or otherwise tampered with, like Biollante. There is even a less likely possibility that this also happened in Time Line # 1 and that the creature in Gigantis is the same as the original Godzilla. The second possibility is a little harder to swallow, requiring the monster to be born again in so short a span of time.

It is interesting to note that radiation is known to cause cancer, a condition wherein a person's ratio of tissue cell multiplication is upset, resulting in the new cells multiplying faster than the old ones die, creating tumors or growths. Godzilla may be looked at as having a form of benevolent cancer. His cells multiply extremely fast, but the ratio of cell death/division is kept constant. It is the natural regeneration trait of the Godzillasaurus that keeps this cancer in check.  Another theory regarding Godzilla's physical metamorphosis could be that they are natural stages of growth for his species. In Time Line # 1 we are never introduced to the Godzillasaur, so we might assume that Godzilla and his kind have always looked as they do, and that the changes in his appearance represent different phases of his life. It is equally possible that the truth could be a combination of both theories; perhaps the radiation mutated what were natural growth stages of the Godzillasaurus.

One problem with all these hypotheses arises in Destroy All Monsters. Godzilla is there shown to have a physical appearance resembling the same as many years earlier in Godzilla vs. the Smog Monster and Godzilla On Monster Island (yes, I know it's because the movies were made right after each other using the slime suit, but we're still in the context of the films). If we go by the regeneration theory, we might suggest the different forms are not infinite, and after a certain number of regeneration's Godzilla may change into a shape he held previously. If we go by the growth stage theory or a combination of both, we might assume some of the later growth phases resemble the earlier ones; or perhaps earlier phases may recur later in life. One may even suggest that the Godzilla in Destroy All Monsters is actually an adult Minya, and that the Minya in the film is an entirely new infant monster. It is, after all, quite a long time for Minya to not have matured since Son of Godzilla.

Well, here we are, at the end of the article and all out of theories; unless, of course, some of you out there have other possibilities in mind. So until another kaijuologist decides to offer up his own two cents, I recommend my theory of regeneration to account for Godzilla's changing appearance throughout the years.

Article © 1995 Michael Keller.

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